--> Computer Science > Machine Learning arXiv:2609.22145 (cs) [Submitted on 26 Aug 2026] Title: Weak Ties, Strong Signals: Efficient Training Data Detection in Diffusion LLMs via Independent Token Sampling Authors: Hongyao Yu , Tianqu Zhuang , Ziyuan Xu , Hao Fang , Jiaxin Hong , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia View a PDF of the paper titled Weak Ties, Strong Signals: Efficient Training Data Detection in Diffusion LLMs via Independent Token Sampling, by Hongyao Yu and 6 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer a compelling alternative to autoregressive models, yet they may expose sensitive training data during denoising.
Detecting such usage is challenging because dLLMs lack the efficient one-pass probability decomposition of causal architectures. Existing methods rely on random masking to obtain tractable token-wise detection signals under limited query budgets, but fail to control dependencies among masked tokens. We demonstrate that this token-wise approximation introduces a non-negative structural estimation error, which is theoretically characterized by the cumulative conditional mutual information (CMI) among masked tokens and can obscure subtle memorization signals.
This insight suggests that reliable detection requires masked token sets with weak internal dependency. To avoid the prohibitive cost of directly estimating CMI over token combinations, we propose \textit{Independent Token Sampling} (ITS), a query-efficient framework that uses an attention-derived pairwise dependency proxy to approximate the CMI-aware selection criterion.
ITS further incorporates a diversity-promoting strategy to improve token coverage across sampling rounds, yielding aggregated token-wise signals that are less affected by dependency-induced approximation error. Experiments on multiple datasets show that ITS consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines across different models and datasets, achieving an AUC improvement of 0.
18 on the ArXiv dataset while maintaining strong performance under limited query budgets. The code is available at this https URL . Comments: EMNLP 2026 Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG) ; Computation and Language (cs.CL) Cite as: arXiv:2609.22145 [cs.LG] (or arXiv:2609.22145v1 [cs.LG] for this version) https://doi.org/10.
48550/arXiv.2609.22145 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Hongyao Yu [ view email ] [v1] Wed, 26 Aug 2026 04:07:52 UTC (1,004 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Weak Ties, Strong Signals: Efficient Training Data Detection in Diffusion LLMs via Independent Token Sampling, by Hongyao Yu and 6 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.
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